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Candide

by Voltaire · 1759

Candide, or Optimism is a French satirical novella by Voltaire, first published in 1759. It follows Candide, a sheltered and naive young man raised in a German baron's castle, who is expelled after falling in love with the… more

First published 1759 · English

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Quotes from the Book

I have wanted to kill myself a hundred times, but somehow I am still in love with life. This ridiculous weakness is perhaps one of our more stupid melancholy propensities, for is there anything more stupid than to be eager to go on carrying a burden which one would gladly throw away, to loathe one’s very being and yet to hold it fast, to fondle the snake that devours us until it has eaten our hearts away?
Fools have a habit of believing that everything written by a famous author is admirable. For my part I read only to please myself and like only what suits my taste.
Optimism," said Cacambo, "What is that?" "Alas!" replied Candide, "It is the obstinacy of maintaining that everything is best when it is worst.
You're a bitter man," said Candide. That's because I've lived," said Martin.
But for what purpose was the earth formed?" asked Candide. "To drive us mad," replied Martin.
If this is the best of possible worlds, what then are the others?
I should like to know which is worse: to be ravished a hundred times by pirates, and have a buttock cut off, and run the gauntlet of the Bulgarians, and be flogged and hanged in an auto-da-fe, and be dissected, and have to row in a galley -- in short, to undergo all the miseries we have each of us suffered -- or simply to sit here and do nothing?' That is a hard question,' said Candide.
Do you believe,' said Candide, 'that men have always massacred each other as they do to-day, that they have always been liars, cheats, traitors, ingrates, brigands, idiots, thieves, scoundrels, gluttons, drunkards, misers, envious, ambitious, bloody-minded, calumniators, debauchees, fanatics, hypocrites, and fools?' Do you believe,' said Martin, 'that hawks have always eaten pigeons when they have found them?
Our labour preserves us from three great evils -- weariness, vice, and want.
She blushed and so did he. She greeted him in a faltering voice, and he spoke to her without knowing what he was saying.
When a man is in love, jealous, and just whipped by the Inquisition, he is no longer himself.
In every province, the chief occupations, in order of importance, are lovemaking, malicious gossip, and talking nonsense.
Come! you presence will either give me life or kill me with pleasure.
You are very harsh.' 'I have seen the world.
Martin in particular concluded that man was born to live either in the convulsions of misery, or in the lethargy of boredom.
Let us work without reasoning,' said Martin; 'it is the only way to make life endurable.
Fools admire everything in an author of reputation.
And ask each passenger to tell his story, and if there is one of them all who has not cursed his existence many times, and said to himself over and over again that he was the most miserable of men, I give you permission to throw me head-first into the sea.
But there must be some pleasure in condemning everything--in perceiving faults where others think they see beauties.' 'You mean there is pleasure in having no pleasure.
It is love; love, the comfort of the human species, the preserver of the universe, the soul of all sentient beings, love, tender love.
What a pessimist you are!" exclaimed Candide. "That is because I know what life is," said Martin.
All men are by nature free; you have therefore an undoubted liberty to depart whenever you please, but will have many and great difficulties to encounter in passing the frontiers.
I hold firmly to my original views. After all I am a philosopher.
He wanted to know how they prayed to God in El Dorado. "We do not pray to him at all," said the reverend sage. "We have nothing to ask of him. He has given us all we want, and we give him thanks continually.
Alas...I too have known love, that ruler of hearts, that soul of our soul: it's never brought me anything except one kiss and twenty kicks in the rump. How could such a beautiful cause produce such an abominable effect on you?
Even in those cities which seem to enjoy the blessings of peace, and where the arts florish, the inhabitants are devoured by envy, cares and anxieties, which are greater plagues than any expirienced in a town when it is under siege.

Did you know?

  • Candide was first published in 1759 under the pseudonym 'Monsieur le docteur Ralph'; Voltaire did not openly admit authorship until 1768.
  • The book was listed in the Roman Catholic Church's Index Librorum Prohibitorum (Index of Prohibited Books) in 1762.
  • Despite condemnation, it sold twenty to thirty thousand copies by the end of 1759 in more than twenty editions, making it a best seller.
  • The doctrine it satirizes, Leibnizian optimism, is sometimes called 'Panglossianism' after its fictional proponent, the tutor Pangloss.
  • The novella famously concludes with the practical precept 'we must cultivate our garden.'
  • Candide is the most widely read of Voltaire's many works and is considered one of the great achievements of Western literature.

About Voltaire

Voltaire was the pen name of Francois-Marie Arouet (1694-1778), a French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher known for his wit and his advocacy of civil liberties and freedom of religion. He is one of the most famous figures of the French Enlightenment.

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About the book

Candide, or Optimism is a French satirical novella by Voltaire, first published in 1759. It follows Candide, a sheltered and naive young man raised in a German baron's castle, who is expelled after falling in love with the baron's daughter Cunegonde. Cast out into the world, he wanders across Europe and the Americas, enduring an unrelenting cascade of disasters: war, natural catastrophe, betrayal, and cruelty, all while trying to reunite with his lost love.

At its heart the book is a mockery of the philosophical optimism associated with Leibniz, encapsulated in the doctrine that this is 'the best of all possible worlds.' Candide's tutor Pangloss clings to this belief no matter how much suffering the characters endure, and Voltaire ridicules the idea through an accumulation of absurd calamities. By the close, the story rejects empty optimism in favor of a modest, practical resolution: 'we must cultivate our garden.'

Placed on the Catholic Church's Index of Prohibited Books in 1762, Candide nonetheless became an immediate best seller, moving tens of thousands of copies across more than twenty editions in its first year. It remains the most widely read of Voltaire's works and is regarded as one of the great achievements of Western literature, a compact and biting emblem of Enlightenment satire.

Key characters

  • CandideThe naive young protagonist, in love with Cunegonde, who endures endless misfortunes
  • PanglossCandide's tutor who insists this is 'the best of all possible worlds'
  • CunegondeThe baron's daughter and Candide's love interest, whom he pursues across the world
  • CacamboCandide's practical and resourceful valet during his American travels
  • MartinA Dutch philosopher and pessimist who challenges Candide's optimism
  • The Old WomanCunegonde's companion and the illegitimate daughter of a pope

Book details

First published
1759
Author
Voltaire
Goodreads rating
3.76 (308k ratings)

Movie & TV adaptations

  • IMDb
    Candide 1956

    Leonard Bernstein's operetta, which premiered on Broadway on December 1, 1956

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