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Oedipus Rex

by Sophocles

"Oedipus Rex" (also known as "Oedipus Tyrannus" or "Oedipus the King") is an Athenian tragedy by Sophocles, first performed around 429 BC at the Theatre of Dionysus in Athens. Oedipus, the King of Thebes, seeks the cause of… more

First published -429 · English

27 quotes ★ 3.73 (241,882) Literature

Quotes from the Book

To throw away an honest friend is, as it were, to throw your life away
I have no desire to suffer twice, in reality and then in retrospect.
Fear? What has a man to do with fear? Chance rules our lives, and the future is all unknown. Best live as we may, from day to day.
Time, which sees all things, has found you out.
How dreadful the knowledge of the truth can be When there’s no help in truth.
Alas, how terrible is wisdom when it brings no profit to the man that's wise! This I knew well, but had forgotten it, else I would not have come here.
The tyrant is a child of Pride Who drinks from his sickening cup Recklessness and vanity, Until from his high crest headlong He plummets to the dust of hope.
The truth is what I cherish and that's my strength
Oblivion - what a blessing...for the mind to dwell a world away from pain.
All my care is you, and all my pleasure yours.
How terrible-- to see the truth when the truth is only pain to him who sees!
In time you will know this well: For time, and time alone, will show the just man, though scoundrels are discovered in a day.
Let every man in mankind's frailty consider his last day; and let none presume on his good fortune until he find Life, at his death, a memory without pain.
...count no man happy till he dies, free of pain at last.
The pain we inflict upon ourselves hurt most of all.
Whatever is sought for can be caught, you know, whatever is neglected slips away.
It's perfect justice: natures like yours are hardest on themselves.
Weep not, everything must have its day.
Never honor the gods in one breath and take the gods for fools the next.
They are dying, the old oracles sent to Laius, now our masters strike them off the rolls. Nowhere Apollo's golden glory now -- the gods, the gods go down.
And if you find I've lied, from this day on call the prophet blind.
Give me a life wherever there is an opportunity to live, and better life than was my father's.
Despite so many ordeals, my advanced age and the nobility of my soul make me conclude that all is well.
(...) I, for one, prize less The name of king than deeds of kingly power; And so would all who learn in wisdom’s school.
It is but sorrow to be wise when wisdom profits not.
A sight to touch e’en hatred’s self with pity.
King as thou art, free speech at least is mine. To make reply; in this I am thy peer.

Did you know?

  • The play was first performed in Athens around 429 BC at the Theatre of Dionysus.
  • Aristotle held up 'Oedipus Rex' in his 'Poetics' as an exemplary model of tragedy.
  • Sigmund Freud named the 'Oedipus complex' after the play's protagonist.
  • The Greek title 'Oedipus Tyrannus' is often rendered in Latin as 'Oedipus Rex.'
  • Oedipus's daughters Antigone and Ismene appear as silent (mute) roles in the play.
  • Though grouped with 'Oedipus at Colonus' and 'Antigone,' the three Theban plays were not written as a connected trilogy.

About Sophocles

Sophocles (c. 497/496 - 406/405 BC) was one of the three great tragedians of classical Athens, alongside Aeschylus and Euripides. He is credited with writing over 120 plays, of which seven survive complete, including the three Theban plays.

More about the author →

About the book

"Oedipus Rex" (also known as "Oedipus Tyrannus" or "Oedipus the King") is an Athenian tragedy by Sophocles, first performed around 429 BC at the Theatre of Dionysus in Athens. Oedipus, the King of Thebes, seeks the cause of a plague ravaging his city and learns from an oracle that it stems from the unpunished murder of the previous king, Laius. Determined to find the killer, Oedipus pursues an investigation that gradually and inexorably reveals a horrifying truth about his own origins and past actions.

At the heart of the play lie the tensions between fate and free will, knowledge and ignorance, and literal and metaphorical blindness. Sophocles builds relentless dramatic irony as Oedipus, confident and resolute, moves closer to a self-knowledge that destroys him, while the blind prophet Tiresias sees the truth that the sighted king cannot. The oracle functions as a self-fulfilling prophecy, yet the play leaves open how far Oedipus is a victim of destiny and how far his own choices drive him toward the outcome.

"Oedipus Rex" has exerted an outsized influence on Western thought and drama. Aristotle, in his "Poetics," treated it as a model of tragic construction, praising its plot and use of reversal and recognition. Centuries later, Sigmund Freud drew on the myth to name the "Oedipus complex," cementing the story's place in modern psychology. The play remains one of the most studied and performed works of the ancient Greek theatrical canon.

Key characters

  • OedipusKing of Thebes who investigates a plague and uncovers the truth of his own past
  • JocastaQueen of Thebes and wife of Oedipus
  • CreonJocasta's brother and Oedipus's brother-in-law
  • TiresiasBlind prophet who knows the terrible truth
  • The PriestSpokesman for the plague-stricken Thebans who appeal to Oedipus
  • The MessengerBrings news that helps unravel Oedipus's origins
  • The ShepherdFormer servant of Laius who holds the secret of Oedipus's birth

Book details

First published
-429
Author
Sophocles
Goodreads rating
3.73 (242k ratings)

Series & reading order

  1. 1 Oedipus Rex
  2. 2 Oedipus at Colonus
  3. 3 Antigone

Movie & TV adaptations

  • IMDb
    Oedipus Rex (opera-oratorio by Igor Stravinsky) 1927

    Opera-oratorio based on the play, with a libretto after Sophocles.

  • IMDb
    Oedipus Rex 1957

    Film directed by Tyrone Guthrie using masks and the Yeats translation.

  • IMDb
    Oedipus the King 1968

    Film directed by Philip Saville.

If you liked this, read…

  1. 1
    AntigoneSophocles' Theban play continuing the fate of Oedipus's family.
  2. 2
    Oedipus at ColonusSophocles' account of Oedipus's final days in exile.
  3. 3
    AgamemnonAeschylus tragedy exploring fate, guilt, and inherited doom.
  4. 4
    MedeaEuripides tragedy driven by prophecy, passion, and catastrophe.

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